Search results

The paper aims to design the optimum formulation of the nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) hydrophilic coating system using the synthetic polypropylene glycol (PPG), which can create the reflection and absorption property.

TiO2 nanoparticles are used as fillers, and PPG has been blended at the proper ratio of 1PPG: 0.2TiO2. The prepared resin has been applied onto the glass substrate at different numbers of glass immersions during the dip-coating fabrication process. One-time glass immersion is labeled as T1 coating, two-time glass immersion is labeled as T2 coating and three-time glass immersion is labeled as T3 coating. All the prepared coating systems were left dry at ambient temperature.

T3 coating showed the lowest reading of WCA value at 40.50°, due to higher surface energy at 61.73 mN/m. The T3 coating also shows the greatest absorbance property among the prepared coating systems among the prepared coating. In terms of reflectance property, the T2 coating system has great reflectance in UV region and near-infrared region, which is 16.47% and 2.77 and 2.73%, respectively. The T2 coating also has great optical transmission about 75.00% at the visible region.

The development of thermal insulation coating by studying the relationship between convection heat and reflectance at different wavelengths of incident light.

The developed coating shows high potential for glass window application.

The application of the hydrophilic coating on light absorption, reflectance and transmission at different wavelengths.

This paper investigates the interrelationship between the poor people's perception of poverty and its implication on Islamic development strategy based on a research in Kelantan, Malaysia. The findings of the survey reveal that there are three dominant perceptions of the poor individuals (respondents) in the study: perceptions toward poverty; perceptions toward the implementation of Zakat; and perceptions toward the local rich. Given the nature of the respondents who are homogeneously poor, this paper will address the implications of the above mentioned perceptions on Islamic development strategy, particularly in Kelantan supposedly the only Islamic state in the Federation of Malaysia, ruled by Pan‐Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). This paper concludes that imposing an Islamic development strategy will become an almost impossible task in Kelantan considering the existence of the following situations: 1) the ‘top‐down approach’ to Islamic development adopted by Kelantan government itself is not effective enough to be realized, and 2) there is no ‘rigorous’ effort to disseminate information and Islamic values to the general population leading to a true practice of Islam.

It is axiomatic that, like other fields in the Social Sciences, value‐free development is non‐existent. A Growth or Redistribution‐With‐Growth Strategy, for instance, could not exist independently of the Neo‐Classical values. So are the Structuralist and Dependency Strategies: they did not emerge independently of the Marxist or Neo‐Marxist values. Irrespective of its origins, these mainstream development strategies have been associated with values of their own ideological world‐view especially when local customs and traditions involving indigenization of development are added, or independently, based on religious doctrines. All are obviously value‐loaded.

The aim of this paper is to reconcile the diverging opinions among Islamic economists toward the concept of scarcity and to present a holistic model of scarcity and abundance from a Qur’anic perspective.

Analyses of both interviews and texts were performed. The method in studying scarcity from Islamic perspective consisted of semi-structured interview with five experts in the field of Islamic economics and development.

One major implication of this study is that the concept of scarcity as it is postulated by mainstream economics tends to clash with the Islamic worldview, as it does not have any reference in Islam. Scarcity can act as a phenomenon in economic activities but not as the defining concept in Islamic economics.

Practically, this paper will contribute to the making of the first lecture of the course of Islamic economics.

Socially, this paper will contribute to the process of transforming the science of economics and Islamic economics for a sustainable tomorrow.

This paper is a fundamental paper that addresses some aspects from critical realism and transcendental idealism into the making of Islamic economics. Not only that the discussion on the concept of scarcity in Islamic economics is limited and seems to be lacking; in addition, this paper offers a critical discussion on the validity of the concept of scarcity in economics from a critical perspective.

The term success in this paper is measured by the yardstick of both material and non‐material ones. This study attempts to examine the success story behind Malaysia's development with evidences drawn from both the conventionally used criteria together with the Islamically motivated universal values and ethos. Of the conventional factors, political consolidation of the first Prime Minister in the presence of dynamic enterprising ability of the Chinese as well as South Indian Community based on family values played a pivotal role in creating a foundation for development. The majority Malays, on the other hand, being the victim of colonial legacies and multi‐farious historical phenomenon were by‐passed. Subsequently, the big bargain of 1957, the year of independence by way of securing Malay special rights in the constitution laid the foundation for new strategy of development based on distributive justice. The New Economic Policy with the twin objetives of eradicating poverty and restructuring society could not have been implemented in the absence of universal values such as loyalty, tolerance, sympathy, caring and sharing being demonstrated by all the races regardless of socio‐economic and political superiority. This paper thus argues that from the very beginning the committed and pragmatic leadership, policy continuation, policy dynamism and policy flexibility, among many others, acted as a catalyst for the success story behind Malaysia's development.

What do we mean by the term ‘megatrend’? A megatrend is a prominent feature of global politico‐economic change brought about by or against the recent thrust of capitalist globalization. A megatrend is also a pattern of thinking and action that is entrenched in a certain perception of historical change and capital‐worker ownership relationships. A megatrend is thus seen as a pattern of change that will profoundly impress the future of mankind in its relationship with others and with the full gamut of the ecological domain including markets and institutions (Heilbroner & Milberg, 1996). In this paper, the study of megatrends will also encompass the hidden forces that will powerfully influence, profoundly change and guide that momentum of change to an objective globalization in the future, even as the growthmanship agenda of global capitalism breathes its last in a post‐modern age.

In keystroke‐based authentication systems, an input device to enter a password is needed. Users are verified by checking the validity of the password and typing characteristics. However, some devices have no standard desktop keyboard such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones. With these types of electronics, the system cannot successfully work in the authentication phase while the registration process is implemented based on a computer keyboard. This results in a reduction of system portability. The purpose of this paper is to employ the rhythm clicked by a mouse as another identifiable factor to authenticate a user's identity.

Mouse click can be replaced by a stylus and fingers on touch screens or numeral buttons on mobile phones. A total of 25 users participated and the click data are based on time instances of pressing and releasing the mouse button, which are captured while the user clicks a rhythm. Three features are calculated using these click data, and a reasonable amount of results with neural networks and other classifiers shows the click characteristics are able to function as another identifiable factor.

A reasonable amount of results with neural networks and other classifiers shows the click characteristics are able to function as another identifiable factor.

The paper presents a personalized rhythm click‐based authentication system.

Food industry players obtain the advantages of profits growth within the halal industry whereby the market is dynamic to generate profit. Hence, this study aims to analyse the perception of food manufacturers towards the adoption of the halal food supply chain (HFSC).

For this study, 103 halal food manufacturers in Malaysia were selected as respondents. Perceptions of respondents towards HFSC were recorded using a five-point questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by authors and adapted from a previous study. The questionnaire was circulated by two experts with proficiency in this filed.

By conducting exploratory factor analysis, the study found the perception of food manufacturers, which is expected business benefits play an important role in the adoption of HFSC. Halal integrity becomes the second factor to lead the company to its adoption. Organizational readiness is the third factor that drives the company to adopt HFSC.

Majority of the sample was responded by Bumiputera companies. The study suggests focussing the study for non-Bumiputera companies to examine their influence towards HFSC. Furthermore, future studies should explore different sectors of halal, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, travel and tourism, logistics, finance and e-commerce. Moreover, ensuring the status of halal should be more emphasized in food chains; thus, the source of risk in HFSC should be explored to secure the integrity of halal.

The paper includes implications for the halal food industry, whereby the adoption of HFSC will contribute to the business benefits to create a more competitive advantage to the industry. Moreover, the implications of halal practice can create consumers’ trust on the halal product.

This paper fulfils an analysed need to study specifically on upstream parties by adopting HFSC.

Micro-enterprises, like any other business entity, face financing challenges. However, micro-enterprises often cannot access financial institutions as they cannot fulfill the conditions to obtain financing facilities from a formal financial institution. As such, they have to rely on family or friends for financing needs. The most critical challenge faced in this regard to Muslim micro-enterprises is finding out a way in which family and friends could give a financial helping hand without the involvement of riba (interest). At the same time, the person giving the financing can enjoy a profit. This paper aims to propose the Tawarruq Fardi Financing (TFF) model that Islamic micro-enterprises could use to fulfill their financial needs. It becomes a solution when obtaining financing from friends and family or any other third party who could be a private investor who does not want to engage in an equity relationship.

This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, combining descriptive and content analysis using the inductive reasoning approach.

The paper's outcome shows that the proposed TFF could assist Islamic micro-enterprises in obtaining Shariah-compliant financing without engaging in an equity partnership. It allows them to fulfill their financing needs bearing in mind the interest of both parties involved in the transaction.

This research will assist Islamic micro-enterprises to find out a Shariah-compliant financing facility from family, friends and any other private investors without entering into an equity relationship. The proposed model would be a Shariah-compliant alternative to interest-free loans and engaging in an equity relationship for the sake of getting benefits for both parties involved in the transaction.

A theoretical methodology premised on the epistemology of divine unity as the world view of all Islamic socio‐scientific inquiry, is introduced. This general theory based on the knowledge‐centred interactive, integrative and evolutionary process of social becoming is next formulated for the specific case of capital markets. The methodology premised on unity and unification of knowledge is shown to be a universal application interconnecting science and society through a process‐oriented knowledge‐centred model. Finally, the generalized theoretical methodology and its specification to the case of Islamic capital market is used to critically evaluate Malaysia’s Islamization program, specially during the heady days of her stock market and currency turmoils. Alternative policy recommendations are provided for a newer outlook on Malaysian development and capital market Islamization programs. A general inference is thus derived and conveyed to the field of capital market stability arising from a direct linkage between real sectoral activities and endogenous money as store of value of real transactions. The approach of this paper being epistemological in nature, it undertakes a fundamental look at Qur’an and Sunnah for developing shari’ah‐rules (Islamic law), i.e. ahkam as‐shari’ah (rules derived from shari’ah), in the area of socio‐scientific inquiry in general and Islamic capital market in particular.